Zambia's upcoming elections are a fascinating yet complex affair, with the country's political landscape dominated by the lingering presence of its former president, Edgar Lungu. The election of Hakainde Hichilema in 2021 marked a significant shift, but the rivalry between Hichilema and Lungu continues to cast a long shadow over the nation's democracy. This election season is a testament to the enduring impact of past conflicts and the challenges of moving forward.
The Ghost of Politics Past
The feud between Hichilema and Lungu has become an integral part of Zambia's political discourse, even after Lungu's passing. The dispute over the site of Lungu's funeral is a stark reminder of the deep-seated tensions. This conflict has not only divided the nation but has also influenced the current election dynamics. The ruling United Party for National Development (UPND) and the opposition Tonse Alliance are both grappling with the aftermath of this feud, which has become a central issue in the campaign trail.
A Nation's Struggle with Respect and Repression
Zambia's political culture is deeply intertwined with the concept of respect for the deceased. Christopher Vandome, a senior research fellow, highlights the importance of this tradition, stating, "Even Hichilema supporters want to see due respect given to those that have died." This cultural aspect adds a layer of complexity to the election, as the incumbent's handling of the funeral dispute has become a matter of public scrutiny. The question of respect for the dead is a powerful tool in politics, and Hichilema's team is keenly aware of this.
However, the election is not solely about cultural sensitivities. The Tonse Alliance has accused Hichilema's government of employing authoritarian tactics, including raids on opposition offices and the detention of campaign members. These allegations, though denied by Hichilema's team, raise concerns about the state of democracy in Zambia. The opposition's claims, while controversial, highlight a pattern of repression that has been a concern for activists and international observers.
Economic Stabilization and the Cost of Living
Zambia's economy has shown signs of recovery since the crisis triggered by the debt default in 2020. Annual inflation has decreased from 24.6% in July 2021 to 6.5%, and the government has made significant strides in education, making primary and secondary education free in 2022. These economic improvements are crucial for the country's development, but they have not translated into a tangible impact on the ground for many citizens.
The cost of living remains a pressing issue, with prices nearly doubling between 2021 and 2025. Despite the economic stabilization, the average annual income has only increased from $1,127 to $1,318. This disparity between economic indicators and the lived experience of citizens is a critical factor in the election. The question of why economic growth is not translating into improved daily life is a powerful one, and it could sway the votes of the nearly 8.8 million registered voters.
The Impact of Personal Experience on Leadership
Hichilema's personal experience with the complexities of Zambian elections has given him a unique perspective. Vandome notes, "[Hichilema's] prospects of winning are very high. But his personal lived experience of how complicated Zambian elections can be has given him this insecurity which is actually counting against him." This insecurity, stemming from his past experiences, may be a double-edged sword. While it provides insight into the challenges of governance, it also raises questions about his ability to inspire and lead the nation.
A Nation at a Crossroads
Zambia's elections are a microcosm of the broader challenges facing the country. The lingering feud between Hichilema and Lungu has created a political environment where respect for the dead and the rule of law are at odds. The economic improvements, while positive, have not reached all citizens, leaving a significant portion of the population struggling. As the nation prepares to vote, it must navigate these complexities and decide whether to embrace a new era of leadership or continue to grapple with the ghosts of the past.
